Printed circuit boards (PCBs) are the essential building blocks behind almost all modern electronic devices. These components ...

Andy recommends favorite resources for basic op amp circuits and includes a portion of TI's AN-20. Test your knowledge with our op amp quiz; answer explanations are included. By 1969, a fledgling ...

Using eight digital inputs, this circuit simplifies decoding of the common membrane 4x4 keypad matrix and eliminates the traditional requirement of scanning rows or columns. Any X-Y switch matrix, ...

AutomationDirect announces the release of a new White Paper, “Basic Pneumatic Circuits”, which discusses common pneumatic circuits that can be used alone or as building blocks in larger pneumatics ...

Electronic circuits are integral parts of nearly all the technological advances being made in our lives today. Television, radio, phones and computers immediately come to mind, but electronics are ...

Building reliable hardware requires that you account for all tolerances during the design stage. Many references discuss active component errors resulting from parameter deviations—showing how to ...

Designing, constructing, testing, and improving circuits—especially those with significant analog content—was always one of my interests. The fact that you could arrange standard active and passive ...