Time. We use it to organize our lives, measure our experiences, and impose structure on reality. But what if time, as we conventionally understand it, doesn’t actually exist? What if, instead of being ...

A new method for determining causality gives scientists a more holistic view of the causal role that contributing factors play within just about any system. Cause and effect. We understand this ...

Objective To examine the associations of accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary time with all-cause mortality in older Japanese adults. Methods A total of 1723 independent Japanese ...

The ball rolls across the floor because it was kicked, just as Earth orbits the sun because it is tugged by gravity. The connection between cause and effect is fundamental to how we understand the ...

Time. We use it to organize our lives, measure our experiences, and impose structure on reality. But what if time, as we conventionally understand it, doesn’t actually exist? What if, instead of being ...

This diagram depicts the decomposition of the various types of causality according to the SURD method: unique (pink), synergistic (orange), and redundant (dark grey) for two observed variables, to ...