Professional speakers have two types of outputs identified as high and low level. The high-level outputs are used for the main speakers since they amplify the left and right speakers. Generally, the ...

A new logic-level approach directly impacts board-level performance and complexity. By optimizing interconnects, fanouts and signal structures before schematic capture, a new gate-level synthesis ...

The classic low-current technique is the “up-in-the-air” wiring technique, where leads of the components in the critical path or circuit node are soldered together above the board. These component ...

This file type includes high resolution graphics and schematics. Although quite a few direct digital synthesis (DDS) ICs can generate high-frequency sine waves, their complexity excludes them from ...

The circuit in Figure 1 provides a low-cost, isolated ac-line monitor that measures ac-line-voltage level and has some other unique capabilities. The analysis of the circuit is straightforward: When ...

Optocouplers provide high-voltage isolation between a low-voltage device like a microcontroller or a pulse-width modulation (PWM) generator and a high-voltage device like an intelligent or integrated ...

A wide variety of synthetic biological circuits have been constructed to endow cells with functions analogous to those of electronic circuits. A long-term goal of these efforts has been to develop ...