Lithium niobate has emerged as a cornerstone material in advanced photonic technologies, owing to its exceptional electro‐optic coefficients, wide optical transparency and strong nonlinear properties.

Primary performance data for passive fiber-optic devices is provided by spectral measurement of optical insertion loss (IL) and polarization-dependent loss (PDL). Often used to characterize optical ...

Optical isolation and nonreciprocal devices are pivotal components in modern photonic systems, ensuring unidirectional light propagation and safeguarding sensitive equipment from unwanted reflections.