In today’s highly regulated environment for drug development and manufacturing, new challenges have emerged from internal pressures to reduce costs by eliminating waste in the development process, ...

Critical process parameters (CPPs) and their associated process controls are crucial to drug development and process validation and to the evaluation of every manufacturing unit operation. "…. These ...

The authors present three approaches that a contract development and manufacturing organization can consider when designing development and process-optimization studies that will provide useful data ...

New integration and patterning schemes used in 3D memory and logic devices have created manufacturing and yield challenges. Industrial focus has shifted from the scaling of predictable unit processes ...

The screw conveyor has an extensive history. Archimedes (ca. 212 BC) invented the first screw conveyor, and his design is still used today for irrigation and grain transfer. Screw conveyors became ...

Designers rely on the accuracy of Process Design Kits (PDK¡¦s) for their IC designs. This paper describes independent verification of the PDK accuracy using a low-cost Die Level Process Monitor (DLPM) ...

In any casting process it becomes tough to judge the exact cause of defects because they are quite perceptive in nature. Therefore, first of all, it is necessary to identify the process parameters ...

One of the basic tools in the RF design process is the use of S-parameter measurements. These measurements can be used in today’s computer-aided design (CAD) tools as part of the circuit-simulation ...