We present a simple but universal technique for the construction of π PS sampling designs. A tool that is used in the construction consists of playing a game in which objects are removed from N boxes, ...

Cohort sampling designs are proposed which one would intuitively expect to be more efficient than nested case-control sampling. Two of these designs start with a nested case-control sample and ...

Outcome-dependent sampling designs are strategic methodologies in longitudinal research that prioritise the selection of study subjects based on observed outcomes. Rather than relying on random ...

The specific monitoring design (the choice of location and timing of sample collection) that best meets project objectives will depend on the type and scale of the project and the degree to which ...

Suppose that the sample of students described in the previous section was actually selected using stratified random sampling. In stratified sampling, the study population is divided into ...

With this approach, a second site (a baseline reference site) in a very similar watershed is monitored. Changes in the BMP site are compared to this baseline. The monitoring approach is greatly ...

Survey research is an important form of scientific inquiry1 that merits rigorous design and analysis.2 The aim of a survey is to gather reliable and unbiased data from a representative sample of ...