Self-regulating systems with feedback loops, i.e., the routing back of the output of a system to its input, have existed since antiquity and have since become an integral part of modern technology.

It is a common situation in electronics to have a control loop, that is some sort of feedback that drives the input to a system such as a motor or a heater based upon a sensor to measure something ...

After reading “A stepwise method for tuning PI controllers using ITAE criteria” I was inspired to take a look at the current uses of PID (Proportional/Integratal ...

In the nearly 40 years since electronic control systems first became common features of industrial machines, controls theory has necessarily evolved to keep pace with machine design. Early on, systems ...

PID loops are a central component of modulating boiler control systems with applications ranging from basic steam header pressure control to cascading 3-element drum level control. A modern ...

New ISA technical report distills thousands of pages of PID references for improving process performance. Even though controllers using the proportionalintegral-derivative (PID) algorithm have been ...