first-order ΔΣ modulator can be simply understood. The basic problem solved by a ΔΣ modulator is this: given a fixed input value ν that lies in the range [-1, 1], the modulator outputs a pulse train ...

Capacitive sensors supply high accuracy at a relatively low cost. But system designers attempting to use them have been forced to first convert the capacitance to a voltage, then convert the voltage ...

Isolated sigma-delta (∑-Δ)-based analogue-to-digital converters (ADCs) have become the preferred method for phase current measurement in high performance motor and servo drives. The converters have ...