Living cells pay a hidden energy price not just to run chemical reactions, but to keep them on track and block all the ...

There are "costs of life" that mechanical physics cannot calculate. A clear example is the energy required to keep specific ...

A new JSTAT study shows how to compute the minimum energy cells use to sustain certain metabolic pathways while suppressing ...

You do not usually notice oxygen unless it is missing. It is just there when you wake up, when you step outside, when you ...

In one of the hottest places on the planet, a modest desert shrub has quietly rewritten what scientists thought plants could ...

Plants need light for photosynthesis, and to thrive and be healthy over time. You might think placing a plant near a lamp is just as good as placing it near ...

Grades are a standard part of the American educational system that most students and teachers take for granted. But what if ...

New research explores how microbes could turn Martian soil into building material and support life systems, offering a potential path for constructing human habitats on Mars using local resources ...

Plants need light for photosynthesis, and to thrive and be healthy over time. You might think placing a plant near a lamp is just as good as placing it near a sunny window, but traditional light bulbs ...

Depending on your specific needs, it's possible to create an engaging, manageable, and successful garden experience for ...